A

Annealing
A heat or thermal treatment process by which previously cold-rolled steel is made more suitable for forming and bending by heating to a designated temprature for a sufficient amount of time and then cooled. The bonds between the grains of the metal are stretched when steel is cold rolled, leaving the steel brittle and breakable. Annealing "recrystalizes" the grain structure of steel by allowing for new bonds to be formed at the high temprature. There are two ways of annealing: 1> Batch Box 2> continous

Alloy steel
A material containing Iron carbon (less than 2%), Silicon, Maganese plus Alloy elements like Chromium, Vandium, Molybdenium, Tungsten, Nickel, Lead, Naboum, Copper etc.

B

Basic Oxygen Furnace (BOF)
A pear Shaped furnace in which hot metal is refined to decrease carbon, silicon etc.(components) by blowing oxygen thereby melting steels in liquid form. Impuritiesgo out in gaseous form & Slag.

Bars
Long Steel products that are rolled from billets. They include rounds, flats, angles, squares and channels.

Billet
A semi-fnished steel form that is input material for manufacturing "long" products: bars, channels or other structural shapes. Billets are normally two to seven inches square.

Black Plate
Cold-reduced sheet steel, 12-32 inches wide, that serves as the substrate (raw material) to be coated in the tin mill.

Blast Furnace
Blast Furnace is a counter current verticle shaft furnace (refractory lined) which reduces iron oxides present in ores and sinter into liquid iron called hot metal by using coke as fuel and reducing agent.

Bloom
A semi-finished steel form whose rectangular sross-section is more than eight inches. The steel shape is input material for producing I-beams, H-beams and sheet piling

C

Carbon Steel
Steel that has properties made up mostly of the element carbon content for structure. Most of the steel produced in the world is carbon steel.

Coke
Basic fuel consumed in blast furnace in the smelting of Iron. Coke is a processed form of coking coal.

Continuous Casting
The process of casting where liquid steel is directly cast into semi-finished products, thus eliminating the need of primary rolling of ingots. Liquid steel is poured into a reciprocating refractory lined mould of desired size. The steel sildified in the mould is slowly puiled out to produc an "endless" strand which is gas - cut to desiredlength. This process has steadily displaced ingot casting due to its advantages of highly yield and improved quality.

Corex
It is a smelting reduction process in which coal is directly used in a melter gesifieras an energy carrier & reducing agent thereby eliminating the need for a Blast Furnace, Sinter Plant & Coke Ovens.

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D

Desulphurisation
An Operation that injects a chemical mixture into a ladle full of hot metal to remove sulphur prior to its charging into the Basic Oxygen Furnace. Because excess sulphur in the steel impedes its welding and forming characteristics, the mill must add this step to the steelmaking process.

E

Electric Arc Furnace(EAF)
Steelmaking furnace where scrap is generally used as charge material . Heat is supplied from electricity that arcs from the graphite electrode in the metal bath. Furnaces may be either an alternating current (AC) or direct (DC). DC units consumes less energy and fewer electrodes but they are more expesive.

Electric Resistance Welded (ERW) Pipe
Pipe made from strips of hot-rolled steel which are passed through forming rolls and welded. While seamless pipe is traditionally stronger and more expensive than ERW pipe.

F

Ferroalloy
A metal product commonly used as a raw material feed in steelmaking usuallly containing iron and other metals to aid various stages of the steelmaking process such as deoxidation, desulfurization and adding strength. Examples: ferrochrome, ferromanganese and ferrosilicon.

G

Galvanised Steel
Steel coated with a thin layer of zinc to provide corrosion resistance to the underbody auto parts storage tanks or fencing wire. Sheet Steel normally must be cold-rolled prior to the galvanising stage.

H

Hot Briquetted Iron(HBI)
Direct reduced iron that has been processed into briquettes. Oxygen is removed from the ore using natural gas and results in a substance that is 90%-92% iron. Because DRI may sontaneously combust during transportation, HBI is preferred when the material must be stored or moved.

Hot Metal
Iron in the molten form, a product of Blast furnace.

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I

Ingot
Molten steel cast iron moulds intended for rolling after heating in two stages i.e. in a primary mill and then in a finishing mill.

Iron Ore
A mineral from which Iron is extracted. It is of 2 types: Containing Ferric Oxide(Haematite) or Ferro-Ferric Oxide(Magnatite)

L

Low-Carbon steel
Steel with less than 0.005% carbon is more ductile (Malleable). It is capable of being drawn out or rolled thin for use in automotive body applications. Carbon is removed from the steelbath through vaccum degassing.

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P

Pig Iron
Liquid Iron from blast furnace Solidified in moving metal moulds of a Casting Machine. Named long ago when molten Iron was poured through a trench in the ground to flow into shallow earthen moulds and the arrangement looked like new born pig sucklings.

Plate
Sheet steel with a width of more than eight inches, with a thickless ranging from one quarted of an inch to more than one foot.